Natural Gas Restrictions in the U.S.: Examining the State of Play, Policy Objectives, Legal Developments, and Antitrust Implications.

This article provides an overview of the current state of natural gas restrictions in the United States. Many local governments, particularly in California, have implemented restrictions or bans on the use of natural gas in new buildings to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve public health. However, half of the states have preempted these local ordinances, arguing for consumer choice and to minimize market disruptions. The legality of these restrictions is being challenged in court, with the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals already overturning Berkeley's natural gas ban. The article also discusses the policy goals, costs, and legal perspectives of these restrictions, as well as potential antitrust implications. Arizona has become the first state to adopt a preemption ban. The analysis highlights the benefits and costs associated with natural gas restrictions, including their impact on greenhouse gas emissions and competition between natural gas and electricity. The article also explores the legal considerations and the recent ruling that Berkeley's restrictions were preempted by federal law. The issue is still evolving, with ongoing litigation and potential Supreme Court involvement. [Extracted from the article]