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Development of Biological Risk Assessment Protocols for Evaluating the Risks of In-Water Cleaning of Hull-Fouling Organisms.
- Source :
- Journal of Marine Science & Engineering; Feb2024, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p234, 14p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Herein, we evaluate the scientific basis for managing hull fouling of ships entering Korean ports, diagnose biological risks that may occur when in-water cleaning (IWC) systems remove hull fouling, and present a protocol for evaluating these risks (the Korean Infection Modes and Effects Analysis; K-IMEA). Protocol development included the selection of core elements and scenario design for IWC and the evaluation of regrowth experiments. The K-IMEA index was designed by considering the inoculation pathway of attaching organisms in all processes to ships that enter a port for in-water cleaning. A number of risk indices were defined: R1—Introduction/Establishment of alien species before in-water cleaning; R2—Establishment of alien species escaped during in-water cleaning; R3—Introduction/Establishment of alien species after in-water cleaning; and R4—Establishment of alien species in effluent water. K-IMEA regrowth experiments (R2 and R4) using the in-water cleaning effluent showed that the attachment and regrowth of prokaryotes, microalgae, and macroalgae were successfully detected. In particular, prokaryotes were observed in samples filtered through a 5 μm mesh of the in-water cleaning effluent, even at a low fouling rating (Levels 1–2). These experiments suggest a necessity to consider a secondary treatment method in addition to the primary filtration method for the treatment of in-water cleaning effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20771312
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Marine Science & Engineering
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 175668777
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020234