The West is underestimating Ukraine's artillery needs.

According to a paper from German researchers published by the European Council on Foreign Relations, the United States and European allies have increased artillery shell and ammunition production, but it still falls short of meeting Ukraine's needs. Ukraine requires a significant amount of shells to maintain the territory it has regained from Russia, with as many as 6,000 rounds daily. The US and European allies are expected to produce 1.3 million 155mm Howitzer rounds this year, but Ukraine's needs are much greater, with Defense Secretary Oleksij Reznikov stating that they require 356,400 shells per month. However, a study from Estonia suggests that even these numbers are below what Russia is capable of producing. The authors of the German study conclude that the current production levels are insufficient for Ukraine. Western officials argue that Russia's ammunition production capabilities are inadequate to achieve its objectives. While the US and EU are set to increase production throughout the year, the situation will improve for Ukraine by the end of the year if the necessary funding is approved. The US is expected to produce 2.6 million 155mm rounds per year by 2025, but the expansion of production may be delayed due to issues in Congress. [Extracted from the article]