Making, unmaking and remaking of context in entrepreneurial identity construction and experiences: a comparative analysis between Türkiye and the Netherlands.

This study analyses how women entrepreneurs of Turkish origin do context in constructing their entrepreneurial identities and experiencing their entrepreneurship in two national contexts, namely Türkiye and the Netherlands. In order to study context, we use the term opportunity structures and analyse how these entrepreneurs interpret and perceive opportunity structures, and construct their entrepreneurial identities in relation to their interpretations. Relying on the life story narratives of 21 women entrepreneurs, we analyse social, political and institutional opportunity structures and the relationship between these and the processes of entrepreneurial experiences and identity construction. We propose that Turkish women entrepreneurs make, unmake and remake context during these processes. In the Netherlands, these entrepreneurs challenge existing opportunity structures either by providing alternative images of a Turkish migrant woman or questioning culturalist perspectives behind these opportunity structures. In Türkiye, they are compelled to be more hesitant in challenging the opportunity structures. They either have to step down from their enterprises or downgrade their entrepreneurial affiliations to fulfil the requirements of opportunity structures. This study contributes to the field of entrepreneurship in its contextualisation by providing an extended understanding of the ways in which entrepreneurs do context. Plain English Summary: While there is criticism on the lack of contextual analysis of entrepreneurship, there are also concerns about over-contextualisation and disintegration in the field. As a response to the scholar's interest to categorise successful entrepreneurs in creating and enacting their contexts and to understand how and why they became successful compared to others, this study demonstrates the power relations between and across opportunity structures that lead to imbalances between entrepreneurial agency and context. It shows how some entrepreneurs make context, while some others can also unmake and remake context. In this way, it extends our understanding of entrepreneurial diversity, and questions whether categorising entrepreneurs as successful or not is doing justice to the entrepreneurs who face more powerful opportunity structures with possible sanctions imposed on them. Future studies can further this discussion on entrepreneurial diversity by analysing how and for which contexts power dynamics plays out differently in the nexus of entrepreneur and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]