Educational Strategies for Japanese Latin Americans in the U.S.: Experiences of Adaptation to U.S. Society after the Internment Camp.

This paper reviews the trajectory of Japanese immigrants who emigrated to Peru in the first half of the 20th century and then to the United States during World War II. Although this little-known history has yet to be told much, these people experienced three different cultures and languages at the time and overcame many problems in different countries. The trajectory of their lives gives us food for thought about people trying to move to and settle in a new environment. This paper aims to provide an overview of their transnational migration and subsequent routes of adjustment in U.S. society and to explore the educational strategies under which those who moved as children developed. In this paper, they are referred to as Japanese Latin Americans because while more than 80% of those brought to the U.S. from Latin America were Japanese or Nikkei from Peru, they also included people from other countries. In many cases, Japanese Latin Americans moved with their families, and their children experienced different school education environments. In some cases, this was due to educational policies in each country, making it difficult to adapt to a new environment, especially when the language and culture differed. These cases are not unique to Japanese Latin Americans but are similar to the challenges people face on the move. In the case of Japanese Latin Americans, however, there is a particularity in their migration route. These include not only the differences between the countries of Japan, Peru, and the United States but also the differences between the respective communities, as seen in the migration of the Nikkei community in Peru and the United States. Therefore, this paper's research task is to find out how these migrations affected the construction of the cultural identity of Nikkei Latin Americans and under what kind of educational strategies they received their education. In this paper, the concept of "educational strategy" in Shimizu and Shimizu's "Newcomers and Education" will be used. There needs to be more prior research on the education of Japanese Latin Americans after living in internment camps. However, efforts to evoke the testimonies and memories of those days have been made, especially in recent years. They will be examined using their testimonies, a qualitative survey of the target group of Japanese Latin Americans who have been published as historical research presentations, and previous studies in which their testimonies are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]