Evaluating the neotectonic activities of the Eastern Makran at the northern edge of the triple junction in southwest Pakistan.

A number of five GIS-based indices, such as stream slope (Ss), surface roughness (Sr), asymmetric factor (Af), hypsometry integral (Hi), and stream-length gradient (SL), were summarised to examine the intensity of the index of tectonic activity (IAT) in 43 subbasins of Hingol Basin at the northern edge of the triple junction in southwest Pakistan. In addition, tectonic influences were identified by knickpoints spatial distribution and field surveys. The majority of the indices are consistent and display roughly the same classifications. The uncertain results have a less substantial impact on the obtained results in most of the 43 subbasins. Using these indices, the relative active tectonic index value (IAT) was calculated, revealing that tectonic activity is high along the north of the Awaran Fault and between the Nai Rud and Ornach-Nal faults, while other regions show moderate to low tectonic activity. Additionally, the knickpoint examinations showed higher tectonic intensity throughout the basin. The findings revealed a good relationship between the field surveys, past seismic analysis, and calculated geomorphic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]