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Cancer and HIV: The Molecular Mechanisms of the Deadly Duo.
- Source :
- Cancers; Feb2024, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p546, 19p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Simple Summary: Following infection with HIV, individuals are immunocompromised. Their weakened immune system puts them at a higher risk of certain cancers like Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma. Even with antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, these cancers remain common in developing countries, while in developed countries, there is a decline in some cancers but an increase in deaths from others. This review explores why these cancers happen in people with HIV and finds that the current treatment is not enough to prevent them. Understanding these reasons is crucial to improving the diagnosis and treatment of both HIV and its associated cancers, highlighting the need for more research to tackle this ongoing health issue. The immune deficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes a distinct increased risk of developing certain cancer types. Kaposi sarcoma (KS), invasive cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are the prominent malignancies that manifest as a result of opportunistic viral infections in patients with advanced HIV infection. Despite the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of these acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies (ADMs) remains high in developing countries. In contrast, developed countries have experienced a steady decline in the occurrence of these cancer types. However, there has been an increased mortality rate attributed to non-ADMs. Here, we provide a review of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of ADMs and non-ADMs which occur in HIV-infected individuals. It is evident that ART alone is not sufficient to fully mitigate the potential for ADMs and non-ADMs in HIV-infected individuals. To enhance the diagnosis and treatment of both HIV and malignancies, a thorough comprehension of the mechanisms driving the development of such cancers is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- HIV infection complications
TUMOR risk factors
HIV-positive persons
CYTOKINES
TELOMERES
IMMUNOLOGICAL tolerance
DISEASE progression
SOCIAL determinants of health
VIRAL proteins
VIRAL load
CANCER invasiveness
INFLAMMATION
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients
ANTIRETROVIRAL agents
B cell lymphoma
KAPOSI'S sarcoma
CELLULAR signal transduction
MIXED infections
PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases
TUMOR suppressor genes
DISEASE susceptibility
AIDS-related opportunistic infections
CERVIX uteri tumors
TUMOR markers
HEALTH equity
AIDS
NON-Hodgkin's lymphoma
EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases
DISEASE risk factors
DISEASE complications
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726694
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Cancers
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 175373813
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030546