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Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Offer Equal Cardioprotection, with Different Mechanisms, during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats.

Authors :
D'Haese, Sarah
Claes, Lisa
de Laat, Iris
Van Campenhout, Sven
Deluyker, Dorien
Heeren, Ellen
Haesen, Sibren
Lambrichts, Ivo
Wouters, Kristiaan
Schalkwijk, Casper G.
Hansen, Dominique
Eijnde, BO
Bito, Virginie
Source :
Nutrients; Feb2024, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p431, 19p
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Endurance exercise training is a promising cardioprotective strategy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not clear. We aimed to investigate whether and how isocaloric moderate-intensity exercise training (MIT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) could prevent the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction that develop T2DM in rats. Male rats received a Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM and underwent a sedentary lifestyle (n = 7), MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 8). Insulin resistance was defined as the HOMA-IR value. Cardiac function was assessed with left ventricular (LV) echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. A qPCR and histology of LV tissue unraveled underlying mechanisms. We found that MIT and HIIT halted T2DM development compared to in sedentary WD rats (p < 0.05). Both interventions prevented increases in LV end-systolic pressure, wall thickness and interstitial collagen content (p < 0.05). In LV tissue, HIIT tended to upregulate the gene expression of an ROS-generating enzyme (NOX4), while both modalities increased proinflammatory macrophage markers and cytokines (CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β; p < 0.05). HIIT promoted antioxidant and dicarbonyl defense systems (SOD2, glyoxalase 1; p < 0.05) whereas MIT elevated anti-inflammatory macrophage marker expression (CD206, CD163; p < 0.01). We conclude that both MIT and HIIT limit WD-induced T2DM with diastolic dysfunction and pathological LV hypertrophy, possibly using different adaptive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
16
Issue :
3
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
175369107
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030431