Exploring modern developments in diverse 2D photocatalysts for water oxidation.

The progression of technology has been continuing for last centuries and it accelerated in the twenty first century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology help to discover an enormous number of economical and sustainable materials. The most economical and sustainable materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials have blessed a good platform to explore them in nano- and atomic-level applications. The discovery of graphene has encouraged considerable intentness to scientists to investigate other novel 2D materials, which is modern-day "alchemy". In designing material for a specific feature, it's important to consider the physical dimensions in addition to chemical capabilities. The photo-chemical capabilities of materials can be influenced by their physical dimension, optical properties, surface area, and mechanical properties. The surface area for executing the photoelectric effect and the long-range conductivity for homogeneous charge distribution in carrying out the photochemical reactions are perfectly balanced in 2D materials. To date, a wide range of 2D materials have been investigated, all of which are low-cost, stable, earth-abundant, and free of hazards. However, the efficiency of photocatalysts must be improved to meet the growing prerequisite for green energy in modernizing society. Photocatalysts are particularly interested in storing solar energy in chemical bonds to supply sustainable energy. This review will provide the very recent contributions on modifying 2D materials to connect the collective effort in developing photocatalysts for water oxidation. Also, different physical and chemical methods for the preparation of catalysts are included with their advantages and drawback. Furthermore, we will emphasize the perspective, challenges, and dimensions of the ongoing work in the conclusion part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]