Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Investigation of Separation of Dy 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ by Cascade Extraction in TOGDA–Kerosene/Hydrochloric Acid System.

The hot spot extraction agent N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxoglutaramide (TODGA) has the advantages of novelty, high efficiency and environmental protection in the separation of rare earths by tandem extraction. In this paper, the characteristic parameters for the separation of dysprosium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium ions in the TOGDA–kerosene/hydrochloric acid system for tandem extraction were calculated. Using a 10% TODGA–kerosene/5 mol·L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid extraction system, the mixture containing Dy³⁺ 0.258 mol·L⁻¹, Er³⁺ 0.252 mol·L⁻¹, Tm³⁺ 0.248 mol·L⁻¹ and Yb³⁺ 0.242 mol·L⁻¹ can be separated by three separation steps, and four products of Dy³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ can be obtained. The purity of the four products was 99.80%, 99.20%, 99.70% and 99.70%, and the yields were 99.03%, 98.97%, 97.88% and 96.98%, in order. In this paper, the reasons were analyzed for the differences in the ability of the TODGA system to extract heavy rare earth ions (REEs) in terms of density functionality, complex structure and bond valence model. These will provide more basic data and guidance for the industrial application of TODGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]