Importance of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Hepatopancreatobiliary Workforce.

Simple Summary: This review examines the available data that have been reported on diversity within the field of hepatobiliary and pancreas surgery in the United States. The authors review the barriers surmounted by successful hepatobiliary and pancreas surgeons from backgrounds that are historically underrepresented in medicine. The authors found that barriers exist at each point of training: starting from admission into medical school, continuing into surgical residency programs and surgical fellowship programs, and into surgical practice. A pattern emerged that revealed the attrition of underrepresented students at each progression toward hepatobiliary and pancreas surgical practice. The authors further review challenges inherent to workforce homogeneity and introduce evidence-based solutions that promote the achievement of excellence via diversity, equity, and inclusion in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and beyond. Diversity is a catalyst for progress that prevents institutional stagnation and, by extension, averts descent to mediocrity. This review focuses on the available data concerning hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgical workforce demographics and identifies evidence-based strategies that may enhance justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion for HPB surgeons and their patients. We report that the current United States HPB surgical workforce does not reflect the population it serves. We review data describing disparity-perpetuating hurdles confronting physicians from minority groups underrepresented in medicine at each stage of training. We further examine evidence showing widespread racial and socioeconomic disparities in HPB surgical care and review the effects of workforce diversity and physician–patient demographic concordance on healthcare outcomes. Evidence-based mitigators of structural racism and segregation are reviewed, including tailored interventions that can address social determinants of health toward the achievement of true excellence in HPB surgical care. Lastly, select evidence-based data driving surgical workforce solutions are reviewed, including intentional compensation plans, mentorship, and sponsorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]