Aлелен състав на нови български сортове твърда пшеница.

Durum wheat (T. durum Desf., AABB, 2n = 2x = 28 ) is an economically important and traditional crop for Bulgaria, due to its unique qualities and final products. The storage endosperm proteins – glutenins and gliadins, which form gluten, have significant effect on the qualitative parameters of T. durum. In this relation, by using the method of electrophoresis, the allele composition of the γ-gliadins, the high molecular (HMWGS) and low molecular (LMW-GS) glutenins was studied in durum wheat cultivars grown in Bulgaria – Malena, Mirabel, Severina, Mirela and Melina. The obtained results show that three alleles of HMW-GS, coded for by loci Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 and seven alleles of LMW-GS, coded for by loci Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu- B2 were identified. The genotypes possessing gliadin subunits γ-42 (Malena) and γ-45 (Severina, Mirela and Melina) in locus Gli-B1, which are markers for poor and high gluten quality, respectively, were determined. Cultivar Mirabel was characterized by subunit γ-47 (locus Gli- B1). The influence of the subunit γ-47 on gluten strength has not been investigated yet. According to their respective allelic forms in loci GliB1 / GluB3, the studied varieties were divided into two main types (LMW-1 and LMW-2), on which the quality of the ground semolina from durum wheat depended. The quality scores and the genetic variability were calculated for the separate loci.. The obtained results showed that cultivars with LMW-2 type of the low-molecular weight glutenins were predominant in our study, which was due to the higher frequency of gliadin subunit γ-45. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]