Roles of non-coding RNA in megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis: new target therapies in ITP.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot encode proteins, and a better understanding of the complex interaction networks coordinated by ncRNAs will provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutics targeting the regulatory effects of ncRNAs. Platelets are produced upon the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into megakaryocytes, 10¹¹ per day, and are renewed every 8–9 days. The process of thrombopoiesis is affected by multiple factors, in which ncRNAs also exert a significant regulatory role. This article reviewed the regulatory roles of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), circRNAs (circular RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in thrombopoiesis in recent years as well as their roles in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). What is the context? Platelets are produced from progenitor cells named megakaryocytes (MKs) differentiated from bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Thrombopoiesis refers to the process by which platelet-producing MKs release platelet granules into peripheral blood under the shear force of blood flow for further development and maturation. The process of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis is affected by multiple factors, wherein some ncRNAs also exert a significant regulatory role. miRNAs/lncRNAs play a promising role in t primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). What is new? This article reviewed the regulatory roles of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), circRNAs (circular RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in thrombopoiesis. This article also reviewed the roles of ncRNAs in ITP. What is the impact? Changes in ncRNA expression are associated with changes in the production of MKs, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function, which allows a new understanding of the pathogenesis of many congenital or acquired platelet-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]