A measurement device independent multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with identity authentication.

Multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) is a significant technique for generating shared keys among multiple participants in a secure and fair manner but dealing with imperfect quantum measurement devices presents practical challenges. In this paper, we propose a feasible measurement device independent multi-party quantum key agreement (MDI-MQKA) protocol with identity authentication, based on the BB84 polarization states and the GHZ entangled states. In our proposed MDI-MQKA protocol, participation is restricted to authenticated individuals, avoiding the possibility of impersonating participants. Following the execution of MDI-MQKA, each authenticated participant can acquire their respective private keys in a fair manner, with the assistance of the third party. We analyze and prove the correctness, feasibility of authentication, security, and fairness of the proposed MDI-MQKA protocol in detail. The proposed MDI-MQKA protocol represents a promising investigation into MQKA protocols and measurement device independent technologies, which can help advance the practical application of quantum information technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]