Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Recent Advances.

Simple Summary: Compared to the resounding success demonstrated in the field of B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, in the field of acute myeloid leukemia, CAR-T-cell-therapy slows down its application in clinical practice. Yet, immunotherapy and/or cell therapy could be curative in certain high-risk AML subtypes refractory to classical chemotherapy approaches. Several CAR-T constructs targeting different antigens have been tested and have shown promising results. This review illustrates the main results obtained with the use of CAR-T in AML. Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T-cell therapy represents the most important innovation in onco-hematology in recent years. The progress achieved in the management of complications and the latest generations of CAR-T-cells have made it possible to anticipate in second-line the indication of this type of treatment in large B-cell lymphoma. While some types of B-cell lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia have shown extremely promising results, the same cannot be said for myeloid leukemias—in particular, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which would require innovative therapies more than any other blood disease. The heterogeneities of AML cells and the immunological complexity of the interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemia cells have been found to be major obstacles to the clinical development of CAR-T in AML. In this review, we report on the main results obtained in AML clinical trials, the preclinical studies testing potential CAR-T constructs, and future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]