Advanced graphene-based (photo & electro) catalysts for sustainable & clean energy technologies.

Due to the wide range of uses of graphene and its composites in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, there has been a lot of interest in these materials. The most recent advancements in the use of graphene-based materials for these two important catalytic processes are highlighted in this review. The special characteristics of graphene, such as its high surface area and superior charge transport, have allowed for improved light absorption and effective electron–hole separation in the context of photocatalysis. Additionally, the photocatalytic performance for many environmental and energy-related applications has been enhanced by the addition of additional materials to graphene composites. However, graphene's better electrical conductivity and sizable active surface area have made it possible to use it as a superior catalyst support in electrocatalysis, encouraging electrochemical events including oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. This review offers insights into the potential of graphene and graphene-based composites for sustainable and clean energy technologies by providing a thorough overview of current developments, difficulties, and future possibilities in the fields of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]