Detection and molecular identification of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' associated with muscari virescence of three grape hyacinth species.

Grape hyacinths are popular perennial, flowering bulbous plants. In 2018, 2019, and 2020, some plants of three Muscari species showed symptoms similar to those associated with phytoplasma infection in commercial ornamental gardens in Hungary. Symptoms included virescence of flowers and yellowing of leaves. Symptomatic and asymptomatic Muscari plants were sampled at two locations to detect and identify the pathogens involved. Total DNA was extracted from the plants and used as a template in polymerase chain reaction assays to amplify 16S rRNA gene sequences and housekeeping genes (tuf, secY) with phytoplasma-specific primers. The resulting PCR products from symptomatic plants were cloned and sequenced bidirectionally. Homology searching of the obtained sequences against the GenBank database indicated the presence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' in the three Muscari species. This is the first report worldwide of C. P. asteris phytoplasma infecting M. botryoides and M. comosum, and its first identification in M. armeniacum in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]