Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis: Defining the Microbial Milieu and Antimicrobial Resistance at the Time of Rescue Flap Surgery.

Objective: To report the microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity profile from tissue cultures and stains at the time of anterolateral thigh fascia lata (ALTFL) rescue flap for management of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent ALTFL rescue flap for native mandibular ORN between 2011 and 2022. Results: Twenty‐six cases comprising 24 patients (mean age 65.4 years, 65.4% male) with mandibular ORN from whom tissue cultures and gram stain were obtained at the time of ALTFL rescue flap. 57.7% grew bacterial species, while 34.6% grew fungal species. Multibacterial speciation was noted in 26.9% of cultures. A combination of bacterial and fungal growth was also seen in 15.4% of cases. All gram‐positive cocci (GPC) were pansensitive to antibiotics except for one case of Staphylococcus aureus, which was resistant to levofloxacin. Gram‐negative bacilli (GNB) species were isolated in 50.0% of cases. All fungal growth was due to Candida species. No growth was noted in 23.1% of cases. Multidrug resistance was noted in 53.8% of cases when GNB was isolated. Conclusion: We report 76.9% of our cases of mandibular ORN had microbial growth from tissue cultures obtained at the time of the ALTFL rescue flap. Fungal growth was noted in a substantial number of cases and should be obtained as a specimen when pursuing culture‐driven antibiotic therapy. Most GPCs were pansensitive to antibiotics, while GNBs were often the harbinger of multidrug resistant mandibular ORN. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:166–169, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]