Magnetic behavioral nature of Ti4+ substituted lithium zinc manganese ferrite.

Tetravalent titanium substituted lithium zinc manganese ferrite having chemical formula Li_0.35+x/2Zn_0.1Mn_0.1Ti_xFe_{2.35 − 3x/2}O₄ where x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75 were prepared by using the solid-state ceramic technique. Using additives V₂O₅ and Na₂SiO₃ as sintering aids, the samples were calcined and sintered at 900 °C and 950 °C, respectively for 1 h each, at a regulated heating rate of 10 °C/min. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed a single-phase spinel structure. XRD data were used to assess the structural information including density, lattice constant, and crystallite size. The additives reduced the sintering temperature and time and an increase in porosity has been observed with the increase of Ti⁴⁺ substitution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the samples' microstructure, while Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis was used to identify the different elemental makeup. The fluctuation of the initial permeability and permeability loss at room temperature with a change in frequency was investigated using an impedance analyzer and found that higher substitution reduced the resonance frequency. The magnetic hysteresis studies showed that saturation magnetization reduced with an increase of Ti⁴⁺ substitution. The results obtained were analyzed and discussed systematically in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]