Aging, crops and pesticide input: empirical evidence from rural China.

BACKGROUND: Although scholars have elaborated on the effects of aging, there is no consensus on the relationship between the aging and farmers' pesticide input. Regional differences in agricultural crops in China, namely 'Southern Rice and Northern Wheat', have not been considered in any of the existing studies. RESULTS: Based on the data of 443 wheat farmers and 324 rice farmers in China, this study found that aging significantly increased pesticide input. After sorting out the types of pesticides, it was found that the aging significantly increased the input of biological pesticides, but did not affect the input of chemical pesticides. After considering the planting pattern of 'Southern Rice and Northern Wheat', aging did not have a significant impact on the pesticide input of wheat farmers, but had a significant positive impact on the pesticide input of rice farmers. For wheat farmers in the north, social services have a significant inhibitory effect on the relationship between aging and pesticide input. For rice farmers, path dependence has a significant role in promoting the relationship between aging and pesticide input. CONCLUSION: The planting pattern of 'Southern Rice and Northern Wheat' will indeed affect the relationship between aging and pesticide input, and social services and path dependence are the main reasons for this heterogeneity effect. Therefore, improving agricultural socialization services and reducing farmers' dependence on traditional production experience will be an important way to effectively reduce the impact of aging. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]