Effects of extraction conditions on total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and saponin content of Momordica charantia leaves.

Momordica charantia, a popular edible plant in Vietnam, has been used to support the treatment of several diseases. This work aimed to investigate the total phenolic contents (TPCs), antioxidant capacity, and saponin content of Momordica charantia leaf extracts using the maceration method. The effects of extraction conditions, including material/liquid ratios (1/10, 1/15, 1/20, 1/25, and 1/30 g/mL), extraction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mins), and extraction temperature (60, 70, 80, and 90 °C) were investigated. The results demonstrate that the most favorable extraction parameters were a solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL for 20 mins at 70°C. Moreover, the obtained extracts were rich in phenolic compounds (TPCs of up to 26.7 mg GAE/g as the highest) and performed high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ of 29.2 mg/g). Besides, the saponin was measured and showed a concentration of 8.34 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]