A study on evaluation of prognostic significance of Cyclin D1 in breast carcinoma.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, comprising numerous distinct entities that have different biological features and clinical behaviour. There are many biomarkers that are related to the progression and therapeutic response of invasive breast cancer. One emerging biomarker is Cyclin D1 which is a key cell cycle regulatory protein, encoded by the gene, CCND1 or PRAD1, positioned on chromosome 11q13. Thus, the present study is an attempt to analyse immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in breast carcinoma and correlate it with other known histopathological prognostic markers. Materials and Methods: A study of forty breast carcinoma patients carried out in the Dept. of Pathology during 2019-2022. Immunohistochemical staining of Cyclin D1 was performed. The intensity of Cyclin D1 staining will be scored on a scale from 0 to 3 and results were tabulated. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test and fisher exact test. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained with Cyclin D1 and grade of the tumor (p value 0.04). However, correlation of Cyclin D1 with size, lymphnode status and lymphovascular invasion was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study confirms the strong association between Cyclin D1 and grade of the tumour which is one of the oldest and the strongest prognostic marker known in breast carcinoma. Cyclin D1 expression appears to be a good independent marker in breast cancer and can be included in the pool of prognostic markers like tumor size, nodal status, histopathological grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]