Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic textile microplastic fibers with TiO2 as photocatalysts.

Plastic, which was not so long ago considered the material of the future, is today one of the biggest environmental problems. The most common type of primary microplastics that enters the aquatic environment in large numbers are fibers released during the washing of synthetic textiles. Due to their small size, they do not enter the ecosystem only through wastewater, but also through sewage treatment plants. In the present work, we tested a method for the degradation of microplastics from the wastewater of a washing machine, which is based on photocatalysis. In our study, the photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) fibers was carried out for 48 hours in a coved quartz beaker. The beaker contained fibers, 5 mg of TiO₂ as a photocatalyst, 5 mL of Milli-Q water and a stirrer. In a photocatalytic reactor, quartz beakers were placed on a magnetic stirrer and irradiated with simulated sunlight (lamp: ULTRA-VITALUX, 230 V, 300 W, Osram). After photocatalysis, plastic samples were taken from the suspension and air-dried in a dust-free chamber. SEM analysis after photocatalytic degradation showed that the surface of the fibers became rough with clear signs of degradation, which could not be observed in the original ones. Cross-sectional FIB-SEM analysis revealed details of the damage. Changes in the chemical structure was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, and ICP-MS analysis was used to analyze the amount of finer microplastic fiber fragments released into the suspension. In the future work, the presented degradation process will also be tested on real samples, which consist of different types of microplastic (PET, PA) and cotton fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]