GREEN CHEMISTRY STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DRUG SYNTHESIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW.

Biocatalysis has emerged as a transformative approach in sustainable drug synthesis. This article provides an extensive overview of key enzymes harnessed in biocatalysis and their diverse applications in eco-friendly drug development. Cytochrome P450 enzymes enable the hydroxylation of drug precursors, metabolite generation for toxicity assessment and chiral drug intermediate synthesis. Lipases contribute to asymmetric ester prodrug synthesis and racemic mixture resolution, while proteases are instrumental in peptide bond formation and peptide-based drug synthesis. Transaminases facilitate chiral amine synthesis and amino acid derivative production for drugs. Dehydrogenases allow stereoselective ketone reduction and chiral alcohol production. Aldolases enable enantioselective aldol reactions and key drug intermediate formation. DNA ligases aid in DNA-based drug development and targeted drug delivery. Nitrilases promote nitrile hydrolysis and green amide synthesis. Kinases play roles in prodrug activation and drug target validation. Methyltransferases are vital for small molecule methylation and epigenetic drug discovery. Oxidoreductases enable redox reactions and aldehyde-ketone interconversion. Glycosyltransferases contribute to drug candidate glycosylation and bioconjugation. Biocatalysis offers a sustainable alternative, aligning with pharmaceutical industries’ commitment to environmentally responsible drug discovery and production, as supported by the referenced literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]