The Triple Helix Interactions among Universities, Industries and Governments: Case of Climate Change Field.

The Triple Helix interactions among different institutions have become increasingly important for science and technology development. In this study, we explore the synergic effect of the Triple Helix relationships of universities, industries, and governments in the field of climate change from the perspectives of vertical evolution and horizontal comparison. T indicators are utilized to measure the bilateral and trilateral institutional information transfer quantity based on the Web of Science core collection database from 2001 to 2021. The results indicated that the UIG collaborative innovation system of climate change is basically formed, but the synergic effect has been continuously eroded in recent years. In addition, we focus on a more detailed comparison among different topics and countries. Specifically, the bilateral and trilateral synergetic effects in the United States outperform that of other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]