Governing New and Traditional Partnerships for Innovation and Development in the Post- Pandemic World.

The Triple Helix Model and the Future of Innovation: A Reflection on the Triple Helix Research Agenda. 2000), The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university - industry - government relations. Multi-level governance is essential for managing the new emerging forms of innovation partnerships that may be more complex than the traditional Triple Helix ones, especially when they aim at impacting on paths of regional innovation and development. The models and approaches based on the concept of the Triple Helix (Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz, 1998) have followed a co-evolution path with the major theories of innovation systems (national and regional innovation systems etc.) and have been integrated in most innovation theories, whether explicitly admitted or not. [Extracted from the article]