Visual experiments of bottom water and multi-well water and gas injection flooding for fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs.

For fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs, the development characteristics of bottom water flooding and water and gas injection flooding under multi-well conditions must be clarified due to the structural complexity. To address this issue, we designed and manufactured fault-controlled physical experimental models based on the geological model of Tarim Oilfield and conducted flooding experiments. The results demonstrate significant variations in bottom water flooding characteristics due to differences in flow capacity within fractures, cavity area in caves, and filled area in caves under different filling modes. Different bottom water rates exhibit varying abilities to overcome gravity and breakthrough capillary resistance, significantly impacting the bottom water flooding characteristics. During the bottom water flooding period, the positioning of production wells primarily affects the macroscopic sweep range, while the filling modes significantly influence the distribution of remaining oil within individual caves. Throughout the three periods of multi-well water and gas injection, the early water injection stage mainly focuses on mobilizing "insufficiently controlled remaining oil" and some "attic remaining oil," and the middle gas injection stage primarily targets the attic remaining oil. Finally, the late water injection stage aims to lift the oil–gas–water interface and improve oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, different water and gas flooding directions affect displacement resistance in each channel and the longitudinal sweep range. This paper identifies the direction for the life cycle production of fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs and presents a mechanistic explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]