Evaluation of real-time kinematic positioning performance of the BDS‑3 PPP service on B2b signal.

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (GNSS) of China (BDS-3) had full operation capacity on July 31, 2020, and started providing free precise point positioning (PPP) service on B2b signals. Although GNSS community has conducted many evaluations on the PPP-B2b products and its user performance, comprehensive evaluations of real-time PPP solutions using the BDS-3 PPP service at kinematic and highly kinematic platforms are still absent. We present a general evaluation of a real-time PPP performance exploiting the PPP-B2b corrections in various user situations represented with static stations, a car, an offshore vessel and an aircraft. We found that errors of the PPP-B2b corrections are less stable and higher approximately by a factor of two for GPS compared to BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. An average convergence time of 28.5 and 12.9 min can be achieved with a standalone BDS-3 and BDS-3 + GPS solution for a low-speed object, such as a permanent station, a car, and a ship, in real time when using the PPP-B2b corrections. For a high-kinematic airborne platform, the convergence time is much longer, reaching 48.9 min. The 95% positioning errors after convergence are less than 20 and 35 cm in horizontal and vertical directions for all the experiments. We conclude that the PPP-B2b service offered by the BDS-3 is prospective for real-time kinematic positioning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]