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Developing tangible measures for eco-efficiency: the case of the Finnish and Swedish pulp and paper industry.
- Source :
- Business Strategy & the Environment (John Wiley & Sons, Inc); May2000, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p196-210, 15p
- Publication Year :
- 2000
-
Abstract
- In this article, eco-efficiency – ‘sustainable development at the company level’ or ‘value added per environmental impact’ – is operationalized at the production unit level. An eco-efficiency index is developed and tested with 31 Finnish and 37 Swedish pulp, paper and board mills in 1993–1996. In essence, gross value added without a change in inventories is divided by environmental impact aggregated with seven valuation methods. The definition of eco-efficiency as sustainable development at the company level appears to be problematic. [Eco]<superscript>2</superscript>-efficiency does not include the third, ethical dimension sustainable development, but only ecology and economy. Value added is a limited indicator of economic performance and very sensitive to changes in market prices, while environmental impact changes with valuation assumptions. The Swedish mills were generally more eco-efficient, while the Finnish mills were more eco-efficient in integrated woodfree paper, solid bleached sulphate board and liquid packaging board. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 09644733
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Business Strategy & the Environment (John Wiley & Sons, Inc)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 17072893
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(200005/06)9:3<196::AID-BSE240>3.0.CO;2-O