From Laënnec's Stethoscope to the Magic of Imaging, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: A Timeline of Precision Medicine for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

The article focuses on highlighting the historical contributions of various medical pioneers and their inventions that have shaped the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis and treatment, including the stethoscope, spirometer, X-ray, bronchoscope, medical history-taking, pulse oximeter, thoracic ultrasonography, and chest computed tomography.