Between brotherhood and bureaucracy: Joseph Hudnut, Louis I. Kahn and the American Society of Planners and Architects.

This article details the formation and demise of the American Society of Planners and Architects, the first serious attempt to organize modern architects in the United States and a failed attempt to usurp the domain of planning from planners. The ASPA formed around Joseph Hudnut in 1943 as a vehicle for post-war planning and as an alternative to the American Institute of Architects, and dissolved in 1948 as the building boom made theoretical experiments in planning superfluous. The essay explains its failure in terms of shifting paradigms of professionalization in architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]