Fourth Report on Chicken Genes and Chromosomes 2022.

Bird whole-genome alignments. a Alignment of chicken to zebra finch [Rhie et al., 2021], Anna's hummingbird [Rhie et al., 2021], superb fairywren [Penalba et al., 2020], and the ancestral emu genome [Liu J et al., 2021]. b Alignment of the chicken genome to species that have undergone significant chromosome rearrangement: saker falcon, California condor [Robinson et al., 2021], and golden eagle [Mead et al., 2021]. The Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project [Zhang et al., 2015] has generated insightful results and the future bird T2T genome and pan-genome will undoubtedly reveal more genes. The chicken genome aligns very well with the emu genome, which is considered to represent the ancestral bird genome [Liu J et al., 2021]. Chicken as a Model for Bird Genome Alignments (Prepared by P.D. Waters, J.A.M. Graves, and H.R. Patel) Chicken has long been a model for bird genomes [International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2004], but it is only in recent years that a chromosome-level assembly has been available that includes the gene-dense microchromosomes. The GC content of most of these "missing" genes is more than 60%, and few genes even have over 80% (the median GC content of the chicken genome is 42.22% and the median GC content of the duck genome is 41.99%) [Hron et al., 2015; Bornelov et al., 2017; Botero-Castro et al., 2017; Yin et al., 2019b]. [Extracted from the article]