Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): The Next Generation of Materials for Catalysis, Gas Storage, and Separation.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising class of porous materials for various applications such as catalysis, gas storage, and separation. This review provides an overview of MOFs' synthesis, properties, and applications in these areas. The basic concepts of MOFs, and their significance in catalysis, gas storage, and separation are introduced. The general synthetic approaches for MOFs, the factors influencing MOF synthesis, and the recent advancements in MOF synthesis are discussed. The structural properties, porosity, surface area, chemical and thermal stability, and tunability of MOFs are described. The review also covers MOFs' applications in catalysis, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis, as well as gas storage, including hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide storage. Additionally, it highlights MOFs application in gas separation, such as separating hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen from other gases. Finally, the challenges in MOF synthesis and characterization, future research directions, and potential for commercialization and industrial applications are discussed. This review demonstrates the versatility and potential of MOFs as next-generation materials for catalysis, gas storage, and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]