3D reconstruction for maxillary anterior tooth crown based on shape and pose estimation networks.

Purpose: The design of a maxillary anterior tooth crown is crucial to post-treatment aesthetic appearance. Currently, the design is performed manually or by semi-automatic methods, both of which are time-consuming. As such, automatic methods could improve efficiency, but existing automatic methods ignore the relationships among crowns and are primarily used for occlusal surface reconstruction. In this study, the authors propose a novel method for automatically reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the maxillary anterior tooth crown. Method: A pose estimation network (PEN) and a shape estimation network (SEN) are developed for jointly estimating the crown point cloud. PEN is a regression network used for estimating the crown pose, and SEN is based on an encoder–decoder architecture and used for estimating the initial crown point cloud. First, SEN adopts a transformer encoder to calculate the shape relationship among crowns to ensure that the shape of the reconstructed point cloud is precise. Second, the initial point cloud is subjected to pose transformation according to the estimated pose. Finally, the iterative method is used to form the crown mesh model based on the point cloud. Result: The proposed method is evaluated on a dataset with 600 cases. Both SEN and PEN are converged within 1000 epochs. The average deviation between the reconstructed point cloud and the ground truth of the point cloud is 0.22 mm. The average deviation between the reconstructed crown mesh model and the ground truth of the crown model is 0.13 mm. Conclusion: The results show that the proposed method can automatically and accurately reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the missing maxillary anterior tooth crown, which indicates the method has promising application prospects. Furthermore, the reconstruction time takes less than 11 s for one case, demonstrating improved work efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]