Unravelling the CO2 capture and conversion mechanism of a NiRu–Na2O switchable dual-function material in various CO2 utilisation reactions.

Time-resolved operando DRIFTS-MS was performed to elucidate the CO₂ capture and conversion mechanisms of a NiRuNa/CeAl DFM in CO₂ methanation, reverse water–gas shift, and dry reforming of methane. CO₂ was captured mainly in the form of carbonyls and bidentate carbonates, and a spillover mechanism occurred to obtain the desired products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]