Swelling potential behaviour in tunneling.

Recently in Indonesia has been doing a lot of road development as an alternative to overcome traffic congestion, such as the construction of tollroad the construction of multiple railroads. In addition to constructing roads, contractors often have to penetrate a number of hills by making tunnels. The construction of highway tunnels and railroads is always associated with soft materials (such as soil) to rigid rock materials (such as pyroclastic rocks, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks). In Indonesia, the weathering process in rocks is very intensive due to hot and cold weather, causing rocks and soil to weather into clay-sized materials. The nature of clay is very reactive to water, both water that comes from rain or groundwater, and this type of clay in reaction to water is divided into two, namely swelling (swelling) clay and non-swelling (plastic) clay. In mineralogy, the type of clay that has the property of expanding is Montmorillonite. In the stability approach, the swelling properties differ from the plastic properties. In the swelling properties of clay, it behaves like a significant displacement behavior but does not cause collapse. This study will provide an understanding for tunnel designers to overcome large displacements after the tunnel is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]