IL RUOLO DELLE GUERRE ANTI-BARBARESCHE E ANTI-OTTAMANE NEL QUADRO DELL'UNIVERSALISMO IMPERIALE DI CARLO V TRA IDEALISMO CROCIATO E REALPOLITIK (1518-1553).

This article appertains to the scope of studies focused on the persistence of the Crusader ideal in the modern age and reconstructs the historical-military, politicaleconomic and diplomatic circumstances of the Crusader activity, or at least anti-Ottoman and anti-Barbarian activity, carried out by Charles V of Habsburg. Starting chronologically with the African conquests of the Catholics and the Spaniards and reaching the end of the reign of the King and Emperor Charles V, this article presents a broad chronological framework (about sixty years) encompassing the entire European and Mediterranean international system of the first half of the sixteenth century, with its Popes, Sultans, Christian monarchs, States, military protagonists, admirals and privateers, in the grandiose framework of events of that era: the Italian Wars, Ottoman imperialism, the conflict in the Balkans and, above all, the omnipresent shadow of the Council, and of Protestantism. This study focuses primarily on the complex military and political relations that Charles V maintained with Suleiman and his "very Christian" ally Francis I and, in the shadow of these three rulers, on the confrontation between the two rival admirals Doria and Barbarossa, the true protagonists of international politics in those days. Enriched by the contribution of earlier (especially the most recent) literature, to which the author carefully refers, this contribution aims to contextualize a fundamental aspect of the universalist vision of Charles V, the crucial importance of which is perhaps not fully and universally understood even today, even from the point of view of his religious and dynastic politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]