A prospective study on gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes at a tertiary health care centre.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that affects both maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a tertiary care hospital from February 2021 to July 2022. The study included 104 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of the women was 26.47±2.83 years, and the majority of women (62.50%) belonged to the age group of 26-30 years. Maternal complications observed were pre-eclampsia (24.03%), polyhydramnios (15.38%), and preterm delivery (9.62%). Most patients (54.81%) were on insulin treatment. The majority of deliveries (84.62%) were caesarean section, and live birth was observed in 79.81% of neonates. Neonatal complications included respiratory distress syndrome (12.50%) and hypoglycemia (8.65%). Conclusion: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management can help to reduce these complications. Further studies are required to develop effective preventive strategies and interventions to improve the outcomes of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]