Urbanization leads to more pathogens and inbreeding of wild bees.

Because the bees are concentrated in certain areas, infected bees are more likely to contaminate the flowers they visit, which then spreads the infection to the next bee that visits that flower, even across bee species, say the researchers. "Parasite and pathogen infections in bees are a major driver in global bee population declines and this is further exacerbated by urbanization and a loss of habitat and degraded habitat. Keywords: Genetics; York University EN Genetics York University 6868 6868 1 05/29/23 20230602 NES 230602 2023 JUN 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- TORONTO, - Wild bees living in cities like Toronto are facing increased environmental stressors compared to those in rural and even suburban areas, such as more pathogens and parasites, found researchers at York University. [Extracted from the article]