Commercialization Strategies of Large-Scale and Distributed Open Innovation: The Case of Open-Source Hardware.

The ability to commercialize products based on distributed innovation is one of the critical challenges of large-scale open innovation. While this issue has been largely investigated in relation to open-source software (OSS), the literature on commercialization strategies of open-source hardware (OSHW) is comparatively scarce, despite OSHW commercialization being more complex. Based on a multi-method exploratory study, this article shows that with OSHW, firms may strategically leverage a "gray area" between closeness and openness to take advantage of OSWH community innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]