Effects of economic, social, and political globalization on environmental quality: international evidence.

This study examines the impacts of different dimensions of globalization on environmental quality for a global sample of 128 countries and territories over the period 2001–2014. For this purpose, this study considers four dimensions of globalization (overall, economic, social, and political aspects) and six indexes for environmental degradation (one composite index, in addition to CO₂ emissions, N₂O emissions, CH₄ emissions, loss of forested land, and average loss in suitable habitat for species). Panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed as the main estimation technique, while Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) are employed as a robustness check. The results indicate that the effects of international integration vary across components of the ecosystem and income groups. The findings emphasize the importance of an integrated approach in designing consensus policies and treaties to address the conflict of interests between nations in order to tackle environmental challenges in this age of escalating globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]