Understanding relationship marketing strategy in Ghana's informal economy: a case of micro, small and medium enterprises.

Purpose: Relationship marketing (RM) has rarely been applied to micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the informal economy (IE). Thus, this study aims to explore the RM strategy of service rendering micro-enterprises in the IE of a sub-Saharan African country like Ghana. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative research approach using a multiple case study design, semi-structured interview and a random sampling technique to sample 15 micro-enterprises. Thereafter, the case was analysed thematically. Findings: Results show that micro-enterprises in the IE engage in multiple dimensions of RM in their line of business. Also, micro-enterprises in the IE perceived RM as customer care and somewhat their standard of RM benefits measurement are different from those firms in the formal sector. Furthermore, micro-enterprises in the IE face challenges such as high resource commitment, harassment and the technological gap in practising their RM strategy. Practical implications: MSMEs in the IE should develop a framework to minimise the shortfall of the challenges associated with RM implementation for business continuity and growth because customers are the lifeblood of the business. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first known study that looks at RM practices of MSMEs in the IE. It has thrown light on the understudied subject of RM in MSMEs. For micro-enterprises operating in the Ghanaian IE, the benefits to be derived from practising RM are rewarding. The adopted qualitative methodology has provided an in-depth insight into a vital area for both academics and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]