A New In Situ Test for the Assessment of the Rock-Burst Alarm Threshold During Tunnelling.

Rock-burst is one of the most serious risks associated with hard rock tunnelling and mining at high depths. Monitoring of acoustic emissions emitted by the rock-mass during excavation and their interpretation now permits the early assessment of failure events and makes the safe management of the construction works possible. A reliable set-up of the alarm threshold is thus fundamental for the correct implementation of the procedures planned to minimise rock-burst related risk. This paper focuses on a novel in situ test specifically developed to provide an experimental basis for a more accurate assessment of the alarm threshold during tunnelling, representative of the local geomechanical conditions. The test, thanks to the compression induced by two flat jacks at the tunnel side wall, produces an artificial failure process during which acoustic emissions are measured and correlated to the mechanical response of the rock-mass, without the typical limitations of scale that characterised the laboratory experiments. The new methodology, named the Mules method, was successfully tested during the excavation of some stretches of the Brenner Base Tunnel in the Brixner granite, affected by mild spalling episodes. The case-history is fully described in the paper to illustrate the practical application of the proposed approach. Highlights: A new in situ test is proposed for the assessment of the rock-burst alarm threshold. The rock-mass is brought to failure at the tunnel side wall by two flat jacks and acoustic emissions are monitored. Two tests were carried out during the construction of the Brenner Base tunnel in a granite formation under high cover affected by mild spalling phenomena. The power spectrum density of the signals recorded during the tests displayed its maximum values before the rock-mass failure. Test results interpreted in terms of power spectrum density summation were adopted to set up the rock-burst alarm threshold during tunnel excavation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]