Adaptive Aquila Optimizer with Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Cancer Diagnosis on Medical Imaging.

Simple Summary: For automated cancer diagnosis on medical imaging, explainable artificial intelligence technology uses advanced image analysis methods like deep learning to make a diagnosis and analyze medical images, as well as provide a clear explanation for how it arrived at its diagnosis. The objective of XAI is to provide patients and doctors with a better understanding of the system's decision-making process and to increase transparency and trust in the diagnosis method. The manual classification of cancer using medical images is a tedious and tiresome process, which necessitates the design of automated tools for the decision-making process. In this study, we explored the significant application of explainable artificial intelligence and an ensemble of deep-learning models for automated cancer diagnosis. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed model, a widespread comparison study is made with recent models, and the results exhibit the significance of the proposed model on benchmark test images. Therefore, the proposed model has the potential as an automated, accurate, and rapid tool for supporting the detection and classification process of cancer. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a branch of AI that mainly focuses on developing systems that provide understandable and clear explanations for their decisions. In the context of cancer diagnoses on medical imaging, an XAI technology uses advanced image analysis methods like deep learning (DL) to make a diagnosis and analyze medical images, as well as provide a clear explanation for how it arrived at its diagnoses. This includes highlighting specific areas of the image that the system recognized as indicative of cancer while also providing data on the fundamental AI algorithm and decision-making process used. The objective of XAI is to provide patients and doctors with a better understanding of the system's decision-making process and to increase transparency and trust in the diagnosis method. Therefore, this study develops an Adaptive Aquila Optimizer with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Enabled Cancer Diagnosis (AAOXAI-CD) technique on Medical Imaging. The proposed AAOXAI-CD technique intends to accomplish the effectual colorectal and osteosarcoma cancer classification process. To achieve this, the AAOXAI-CD technique initially employs the Faster SqueezeNet model for feature vector generation. As well, the hyperparameter tuning of the Faster SqueezeNet model takes place with the use of the AAO algorithm. For cancer classification, the majority weighted voting ensemble model with three DL classifiers, namely recurrent neural network (RNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). Furthermore, the AAOXAI-CD technique combines the XAI approach LIME for better understanding and explainability of the black-box method for accurate cancer detection. The simulation evaluation of the AAOXAI-CD methodology can be tested on medical cancer imaging databases, and the outcomes ensured the auspicious outcome of the AAOXAI-CD methodology than other current approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]