Families' and Practitioners' Use of Culture in Youth Mental Health Services: A Double-Edged Sword.

Background: Although the literature in medical anthropology and transcultural psychiatry has documented how cultural representations shape individual experiences and perceptions of psychosocial distress and its management, less attention has been given to what is actually meant when the concept of culture is used in professional practice, and how this may influence experience of care. Objective: The objective of this article is to explore what understandings of culture circulate in youth mental health practitioners' and families' narratives, and to analyse how different operationalizations of the concept may affect experience of services. Methods: This article draws upon the qualitative components of a larger mixed-methods research program on collaborative care in youth mental health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Montréal (Québec, Canada) with 39 parents, 48 youths and 29 practitioners about their experience of services, and with 26 practitioners about their experience of intercultural training. Data was analyzed using thematic and narrative approaches. Results: Results show that families and practitioners use a multiplicity of understandings of the concept of culture in their discourses as a narrative strategy to mediate dialogue in clinical encounters, either by engaging in it, avoiding it, or refusing it. Conclusions: The concept of culture and its use in the clinical realm can be seen a double-edged sword, both as a tool to reify stereotypes and inequalities, and as a means to mobilize representations towards cultural safety and transformative practices. Minority families' experiences of services may be improved by providing intercultural training and a supportive work environment to clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]