Spatial and time scaling of coalescing multiple magnetic islands.

Magnetic reconnection is a key fundamental process in collisionless plasmas, which converts magnetic energy to plasma kinetic energy. Past observation and simulation studies suggested that this process causes an efficient energy conversion through the formation and coalescence of multiple magnetic islands. In this study, based on a large-scale two-dimensional fully kinetic simulations of coalescing multiple islands with a moderate guide magnetic field, we first examined the spatial dimensions of the internal structures of the coalescing islands. The results show that the dimensions of the structures in the directions normal to and along the initial current sheet depend on the initial thickness of the current sheet and the number of coalescing islands. We then found that the horizontal dimension of the structures controls the evolution time scale of the island coalescence process. We further found that when the vertical dimension of the structures, which corresponds to the length of the reconnection X-line in the reconnection outflow direction at the merging point between the two coalescing islands, is sufficiently longer than the ion inertial length, reconnection in the merging current sheet can well mature and both ions and electrons can be effectively heated around the merging X-line. The obtained scaling predicts that such a strong heating by well-matured reconnection in the island coalescence process would be seen in various plasma environments, such as the Earth's magnetotail and solar flares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]