Identification and analysis of Rap–Phr system in Bacillus cereus 0–9.

In this study, eight rap -related genes were found in the Bacillus cereus 0–9 genome; five rap genes were located on chromosomes and three on large plasmids. A total of five Rap proteins in B. cereus 0–9 were annotated as 'tetratricopeptide repeat proteins'. SMART Server analysis showed that the eight Rap proteins had typical tetrapeptide repeat sequence (TPR) domains. Biofilm assays and crystal violet staining showed that overexpression of the rapp1 and rap5 genes affected the biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9, and the activities of Rapp1 and Rap5 proteins were inhibited by their corresponding cognate Phr, suggesting that the Rap–Phr quorum sensing (QS) system might also exist in the B. cereus 0–9 strain. In addition, overexpression of rap1 genes inhibited in the extracellular amylase decomposition capacity of B. cereus 0–9. The results of the sporulation assay indicated that overexpression of the eight rap genes inhibited the spore formation of B. cereus 0–9 to varying degrees. These results provide a reference for research on the regulation of the Rap–Phr QS system in B. cereus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]