Algae-Based Bioplastic for Packaging: A Decade of Development and Challenges (2010–2020).

The overwhelming production of plastic surpassed the rate at which they can decompose on the surface of the earth and caused environmental pollution globally, whereby packaging waste contributed almost one-third of plastic waste. Hence, as an alternative to plastic, algae emerged as one of the most sustainable alternative sources for bioplastic production due to their fast growth rate and the ability to withstand harsh environments and grow on non-arable land. These properties have outgrown most terrestrial plants as promising feedstocks for bioplastic production. This review provides a detailed survey of the literature published from 2010 to 2020 on the potential characteristics of different biopolymers derived from algae and their applications for packaging purposes. The sustainable development of algae as bioplastics for packaging contributes to minimising resource consumption, waste generation and regulating greenhouse gas emissions. The circular economy of algae-based bioplastic production is also discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]