Double jeopardy: implications of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experiences for child health.

The authors argue that psychiatrists must maintain a focus on both adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and neurodevelopmental conditions when addressing the health needs of children. Topics covered include the association of ACE with an increased risk of poor child health outcomes, neurodevelopmental conditions that can increase the risk of poor child health outcomes, and the co-existence of ACE and neurodevelopmental conditions and their additive effects on child health.