Impairment of endothelial progenitor cells in women after kidney transplantation.

Objective: The long‐term survival of kidney transplant patients has substantially improved. However, there is a higher risk for cardiovascular events after transplantation, partly due to immunosuppression. A diminished number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which play an important role in angiogenesis and the repair of endothelial damage, are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether kidney transplantation affects EPCs in women. Methods: Twenty‐four healthy women and 22 female kidney transplant recipients were recruited. The ratio of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) was determined by multicolor flow cytometry and related to clinical parameters. Cord blood‐derived endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs), a proliferative subgroup of endothelial progenitor cells, were treated with pooled sera from transplant patients or healthy controls and tested for their functional integrity using in vitro models. Results: Kidney transplant recipients displayed a reduced ratio of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic CPCs compared to healthy controls. Differences were especially pronounced in premenopausal women. Exposure to sera of transplanted women led to a significant impairment of ECFC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis ability. Conclusions: Alterations of EPC populations may contribute to the higher cardiovascular risks after organ transplantation and should be considered in therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]